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Of NMOSD patients who test negative for the aquaporin-4 antibody, approximately 40% have MOG antibodies. Many labs around the world have adopted the protocol. The first article that proposed a protocol that reliably detects the MOG antibody was published in 2015. Glycoprotein – a type of protein molecule that has a carbohydrate attached to it.Oligodendrocyte – an abundant cell in the central nervous system that builds myelin.Myelin – protective sheath around nerves.But unlike NMO, which generally targets a water channel called aquaporin-4 on astrocytes, the immune dysfunction in MOG targets the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein on the outermost myelin membranes surrounding the optic nerves, spinal cord and brain. Like NMO, MOG antibody disease is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Now, MOG antibody disease is considered its own discrete diagnosis. In recent years, due to improvements in testing for MOG antibody in people, physicians can now distinguish those with MOG antibody disease from patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a myelin protein that has long been important in mouse models of demyelinating disease, causing loss or destruction of the protective sheath around nerves. Klawiter with a patient in the Neuromyelitis Optica Clinic Billing, Insurance & Financial Assistanceĭr.